Facing a huge hunger strike by desperate prisoners at the US military base in Guantanamo, Cuba, President Obama has acknowledged that the prison should be shut down. He said the same thing more than four years ago when he was running for his first term, but did nothing after he was elected.
In recent years, the plight of the prisoners at Guantanamo has receded in public consciousness in the US. The hunger strike, which began in February, has begun to change that.
In the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the Bush administration with bipartisan support launched the wars against Afghanistan and then Iraq. Prisoners taken in those wars were declared to be 鈥渆nemy combatants鈥, not prisoners of war. They were not, therefore, covered by international conventions on treatment of POWS.
As 鈥渆nemy combatants鈥, they had no rights at all. They were held indefinitely without charges, subject to brutal torture, sexually humiliated and raped, and some were murdered.
These activities were carried out in 鈥渂lack sites鈥 in Afghanistan and Iraq, as well as at Guantanamo.
Another indignity they were subjected to was humiliation of their Muslim religious beliefs. Korans were desecrated. It was another such incident in February that was the spark that ignited the hunger strike against the prisoners鈥 intolerable conditions.
Occupied Cuban territory
The Bush administration chose the US military base at Guantanamo under the theory that it was not part of the US but of Cuba. Thus US laws did not apply to people imprisoned there, and they could be mistreated at will.
The base is not under Cuban law either, since the US occupies the base and maintains it by military force.
In the first inter-imperialist war, between Spain and the United States in 1898, the US conquered Cuba and other colonies from Spain. The US granted Cuba a fake 鈥渋ndependence鈥 a few years later but kept real control. This included sending in the Marines when needed, and retaining Guantanamo Bay as a US Naval base in the Caribbean Sea, ostensibly 鈥渞enting鈥 it from Cuba.
But when the Cuban Revolution of 1959 declared independence from US imperialism and denounced the farce, this legal fiction was maintained by force.
The Cuban government continues to insist the US hands back Guantanamo Bay -- and call for the US prison camp to close.
Sky News said on May 2 that Cuban foreign minister told the United Nations Human Rights Council: 鈥淲e are deeply concerned about the legal limbo that supports the permanent and atrocious violation of human rights at the illegal naval base in Guantanamo, a Cuba territory that was usurped by the United States, a centre of torture and deaths of prisoners who are under custody.鈥澛
Washington claims that the worse aspects of the mistreatment of prisoners at the base have been stopped. That may be true. But the main issue, that people are being held without charges or trials indefinitely, has continued now for over a decade.
It is this situation of utter despair that erupted in the current hunger strike.
One of the hunger strikers, a Yemeni man named Samir Naji al Hasan Moqbel, wrote a letter that was smuggled out and published in the New York Times. The detainee said: 鈥淭he situation is desperate now. All of the detainees here are suffering deeply 鈥
鈥淎nd there is no end in sight to our imprisonment. Denying ourselves food and risking death every day is the choice we have made.
鈥淚 just hope that because of the pain we are suffering, the eyes of the world will once again look to Guantanamo before it is too late.鈥
Moqbel has been held at the prison for 11 years without charge.
Over the years, of the hundreds held at the base, many have been released because there was no evidence against them. However, 166 remain. Of these, 86 have been found to be 鈥渘ot guilty鈥 by the US military, but are being held indefinitely regardless.
According to independent investigations, and a recent one by a commission set up by the US government, the torture and indefinite imprisonment of 鈥渆nemy combatants鈥 has not yielded even one instance of information about any attack against the US.
At first, the Obama administration sought to play down the hunger strike, saying it only involved a few prisoners. Then the military rounded up the hunger strikers and put them in solitary confinement in the hope of forcing them to eat. This has failed.
Lawyers for the prisoners, who are granted only limited access to them, report that at least 130 are taking part in the hunger strike. The government has reluctantly admitted that the number is more than 100.
Force feeding
Besides isolating the strikers, the military has begun force-feeding some, through tubes shoved up their noses and down into their stomachs. This is being done with tubes of large diameter, to inflict pain in hopes of breaking the will of the strikers.
Carlos Warner, a lawyer for some of the prisoners, told Democracy Now! on April 29 about one prisoner, Fayiz al-Kandry, whom he talked to by telephone on April 26: 鈥淭his is the third conversation I鈥檝e had with him since the strike began. I visited him in person twice, and then I got the phone call. And things have gone downhill 鈥
鈥淗e told me that they鈥檙e force-feeding him with what鈥檚 called a size 10 tube, a bigger tube than what is required. He said that this makes it difficult for him to breathe, and it induces vomiting.
鈥淎nd he asked them to give him a smaller tube, and the military refuses to do so. Why they would not do these things, we have no idea.鈥
Warner broke down as he read a letter from Fayez to him. The letter contained a photo of a homemade lantern. The letter read: 鈥淚 made this lantern with my brothers. It鈥檚 made with bits of paper and cardboard. We painted it with bits of paint and fruit juice.
鈥淲e used a water bottle sanded on the floor as glass. It鈥檚 held together by pressure only.
鈥淲e made this lantern for those in the world who remember and pray for us during this time of suffering. Let its light fill you.
鈥淯se it to bring peace to your heart. Thank you, Fayiz.鈥
Warner added: 鈥淎nd when he wrote that, I mean, I felt that was a goodbye letter.鈥
In his news conference where Obama once again called for the closing of Guantanamo, he said that prisoners were being force-fed for 鈥渉umane鈥 reasons. Given Washington鈥檚 inhumane treatment of the 鈥渆nemy combatants鈥 for over a decade, this assertion is laughable.
The real reason for the force-feeding is to try to avoid the international embarrassment of the hunger strikers beginning to die.
Force-feeding them against their will to carry their protest to the death is one more denial of the prisoners鈥 elementary human rights.
Islamophobia
In the wake of the bombing of the Boston Marathon, there has been an upsurge of Islamophobia. While nakedly vicious among Republicans, Democrats have echoed it too, even if less openly appealing to prejudice.
This is the background against which the Guantanamo events are unfolding.
In the past, Obama has cited Republican opposition to the closing of Guatanamo as his excuse for not acting. This cynical dance between the Democrats and Republicans is playing out across the board, from the disputes about the federal budget to immigration and to Guantanamo.
It is also a bald-faced lie. As Commander in Chief of all US armed forces, Obama could bring charges against the prisoners and give them trials, release those he cannot charge because there is no evidence against them (aside from possible 鈥渃onfessions鈥 obtained by torture), and release the 86 who have already been found 鈥渘ot guilty鈥.
Obama could instruct his Attorney General to try them in American courts under US law, and not in the kangaroo military tribunals that a handful are slowly being tried in.
Obama is 鈥淢r. Commander in Chief鈥 when killing defenceless 鈥渆nemy combatants鈥 by drones, but feigns 鈥淢r. Wimp鈥 when faced with a Republican critic.
[Barry Sheppard was a long-time leader of the US Socialist Workers Party and the Fourth International. He recounts his experience in the SWP in a two-volume book, The Party 鈥 the Socialist Workers Party 1960-1988, available from . Read .]
